Internal-combustion engine



May 27 1924, ,495,326

yH( JUNKERS INTERNAL COMBUSTION lENGINE Fi'Led7'June 29. 1920 OFF HUGO JUNKERS, 0F DESSAU, GERMANY.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application led June 29, 1920. Serial No. 392,835.

(GRANTED UNDER THE PROVISIONS 0F THE ACT OF MARCH 3, 1921, 41 STAT. 11.,.1313.)

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, I-IGo JUNKEBS, a citizen of the German Empire, residingat Dessau, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines (for which I have iled ag- ]Ilications in Germany, August 27, 191

atent No. 309,884; Sweden, January 13, 1920, Patent No. 48,190; Norway, January 29, 1920, Patent No. 34,700; Denmark, Jan- 'uary 28, 1920, Patent No. 28,832), of which the followin is a specification.

My invention relates to packings between the working cylinders of internal combustion engines and the casings, surrounding them, of scavenging air reservoirs, exhausttanks or the like. The invention applies to all cases where such reservoirs surround the cylinders on their entire circumference, especially where a common reservoir is provided for a number of cylinders arranged side by side. A

The jointing between the cylinder-wall and the reservoir is generally effected in steps, between which jointing material 1s laid, or by means of arrangements having the form of stuiling-boxes. Such arrangements have the disadvantage that a soft jointing material is used, which is generally not adapted for higher temperatures, as it 1s likely to grow hard and brittle, so that slight leakages will soon increase in size thereby rendering the packing useless.

An additional advantage of these Well known forms consists in the fact that they do not admit of a`suiicient flexibility for equalizing the diii'erent expansion under the action of heat in the single parts.l Es ecially in the case of a common reservoir o or a number of cylinders arranged side by side, the cylinders are generally prevented from moving in the casing in a direction vertical to their axis, which is, however, highly desirable in order to equalize small inevitable deviations with regard to the distance of the centres of the cylinders and that of the borings of the casings. Furthermore, a lateral displaceability between the casing and the cylinders is necessary if several casings, which during the operation assume different temeperatures, are placed over the cylinders in succession. This refers, for instance, especially to engines with counterpistons acting in opposite directlons, 1f the cylinders:arranged side by side are each provided with a common scavenging airand exhaust-tank. This lateral displaceability is further desirable in all cases where the cylinders are held fast in their osition by special parts (for instance by t e gear casing),

Whilst the tanks for the scavenging a1r orthe like are arranged separately from such parts.

Infaccordance with the present invention, this possibility of expansion is ensured by making the openings in the -casing for the passage of the cylinders slightly larger in diameter than the outside of the cylinder at the passage and employing metal rings for sary to divide the casing in two parts, in

an axial plane or to construct at least one side wall of the ooves detachable, so as to introduce the rings into the corresponding grooves.

Another modication consists in constructing such rings separately after the manner of piston-rings and embedding them in corresponding grooves of the cylinder wall or theI boring of the casing or in both of them. The use of such rings permits of a oonvenient displacement of the cylinder and the casing relatively to each other, both in a vertical direction and in a direction parallel to the axis of the cylinder. Such rings are preferably constructed after the manner of so-called self-expanding rings, though the expansion may also be'produced by special elements, such as springs or the like, and arranged around the rings. The rings may be made in one or several pieces. According as the rings are embedded in the cylinder wall or in the surrounding casin they are constructed either as rings expan ini outwards or inwards.

ach jointing place is providedvwith a larger or smaller number of packings, according to requirements.

ln the drawings xed to this specification and forming part thereof my invention is illustrated by 'way of example as applied to dierent devices. lin the drawings- Figure 1 is a vertical axial section of the Figure 2 is the corres ending cross-section, taken on the line ll lill in Fig. 1.

Figure 3 is a artial vertical section of a second modicatmn.

Figures 4, 5, and 6 are. like views of a third, a four and a fifth modification, respectively.`

lln the drawings, 1 is the working cylinder of the internal combustion engine; 2 is the casing surrounding the said cylinder; 3 and et are the grooves arranged in the casing and in the cylinder respectively for the reception of the packing rings; 5 and 6 are packing rings connected with the cylinder and with the casing respectively; 7 are separate paclm'ng rings, which are embedded in the grooves. s

For the purpose of clearness, only one packing ring is shown at each jointing place, although any number of rings may be einployed.

ln the modification shown in Fis. 1 and 2, the working cylinder is provied with annular projections 5, which enga e into the annular grooves 3 arranged in t e boring of the casing. rlihe boring of the casing and the depth of the grooves are such that there is an interstice in a radial direction between the cylinder and the casing, which permits a relative displacement between the cylinder 1 and the casing 2. The jointing of the interior of the casing against the atmosphere is effected along the lateral surfaces 10, 11 of the grooves 3 and the projections 5. These lateral surfaces are arranged in planes vertical to the axis of the cylinder, that is in the direction of a lateral displacement between the cylinder and the casing, so that a perfect packing is ensured.

' ln order to place the casing 2 upon the tcylinder, it is so divided in length that the ,section-plane runs throu h the axis of the cylinder, as shown lin ig. 2. Thus, the faces 15 of the two parts of the casing rest against each other between the cylinders, being held together by means of the connectlng screws 17. ln the forni of execution shown. these screws are arranged in a cooling jacket 18., which surrounds the casing, being accessible by special openings 19, which are generally closed.

Fig. 3 shows an arrangement similar to that disclosed in Fig. 1 in so far as here as well the packing rings are securely xed to the cylinder 1 and the casing 2 respectively. To avoid the necessity of employing divided casings in the case where xed paolau ing rings are provided, the arrangement is intensas such that one of the packing rings (5) is connected with the casing and the other ring (6) with the cylinder, and that one side wall of each of the grooves 3 and 4l are detachable. ln accordance with the drawing, the lower wall of the groove '3 is formed by a special annular plate 12, which can be easily removed from the casing 2 by using pin-screws. At the groove It in the cylinder casing the upper side wall is detachable; it is integral with a ring 13, which is screwed on the cylinder casing. By removing the rings 12, 13, the casing 2 can easily be removed' above the cylinder.

ln the arrangement shown in Fig. 4t "one of the two packing rings (5) is securely fixed to the cylinder casing, Whilst the other ring 7 is arranged loosely in the groove 3 of the casing. @wing to its expansion, the rin 7 presses with its cylindrical inner surace against the smooth outer surface 8 of the cylinder casing, thereby ensuring a perfect external jointing of the casing 2. This arrangement has the advantage over the forms of execution shown in Figs. 1-3 that the casing can freely expand in the direction of the cylinder axis, since the packing ring 7 can be easily displaced on the surface 8.

Fig. 5 shows an arran ement similar to that shown in Fig. 1l, wit 'the modification that the fixed projection d is replaced by a separate ring 7, which engages at the same time into the opposite grooves 3, t of the casing and the cylindermantle, thereby securing the casing in an axial direction relatively to the cylinder. The other side of the casing is joined by aid of a ring 7 arranged in the ruf oove 4l of the cylinder mantle and expaning outwards, the outer eylindrical surface of the ring 7 resting against the smooth inner wall 9 of the boring of the casing. Thus, the casing can expand freely in an axial direction.

lin Fig. 6 the casing is jointed on both sides hby means of separate rings 7 arranged in the grooves 3 of the boring of the casing and resting with their cylindrical inner surface against the smooth outer surface 8 of the cylinder mantle. ln this arrangem5 ment, the casing as a whole can move freely both across the cylinder and in a longitudinal direction, which is especially desirable if the easing is connected with other parts, whichhave a diderent temperature in operation than the worlring cylinders, so that the latter are displaced relatively to these parts and to the casing.

Although the different casings, through which the cylinders extend, viz, gear-cases, scavenging air and exhaust casing, assume diierent temperatures in operation and con= sequently a diderent expansion, the arrangement can be so made as to ensure an unx1 limited expansion of the single pmts, with lil-5 out affecting the qualityof the jointing. Moreover, as only metallic packings are used, the additional advantage is ensured that the packing is not subject to wear and tear, but will permanently retain its usefulness.

I claim:

l. In an engine of the kind described in combination, a cylinder, a piston arranged in said cylinder for reciprocating motion,

a casing surrounding said cylinder with a clearance, an annular groovein one of said parts and annular packing means surrounding said cylinder and extending into said groove in close contact with its parallel walls, but without, however, touching the middle wall.

2. In an engine of the kind described in combination, a cylinder, a piston arranged in said cylinder for reciprocating motion, a casing surrounding said cylinder with a clearance, an annular groove in one of said parts and a metallic packing ring surrounding said cylinder and extending into said groove in close contact with its parallel walls, but without, however, touching the middle wall.

3. In an engine of the kind described in combination, a cylinder, a piston arranged in said cylinder for reciprocating motion, a casing surrounding said -cylinder with a clearance, an annular groove in one of said parts and an elastic metal ring surrounding said cylinder and extending into said groove in close contact with its parallel walls, but without, however, touching the middle wall.

4. In an engine of the kind described in combination, a cylinder, a casing surrounding said cylinder with a clearance, an annular groove in one of said parts and an .annular llange on the other part extending into said groove in close contact with its parallel walls, but without, however, touching the middle wall.

5.y In an engine of the kind described in combination, a cylinder, a casing'. surrounding said cylinder with a clearance, annular grooves one near each end of said casing and annular packing means extending into said grooves in close contact with their parallel walls, but without, however, touching the middle wall, one of said means being secured against axial displacement on the other part.

6. In an engine of the kind described in combination, a cylinder, a casing surrounding said cylinder with a clearance, annular grooves, oneJ near each end of said casing, an annular flange on one part extending into one of said grooves in close contact with its walls, but without, however, touching the middle wall, and annular packing means in the other groove in frictional contact with the surface of the part facing said groove.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

HUGO JUNKERS. 

